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Chronic low back pain in young adults may, at times, be due to neglected metabolic etiology. A 27-yearold IT professional presented with non-radiating lower back pain that had persisted for about eight months. The pain had failed standard treatments, such as analgesics, rest, and simple physiotherapy. Clinical examination and MRI showed only minimal degenerative changes, which were not enough to explain the severity of symptoms. Further testing with blood work revealed a significant vitamin D deficiency (9.6 ng/mL). High-dose cholecalciferol was initiated along with calcium supplementation, and the patient was advised to enhance sun exposure and follow a consistent physiotherapy program. A dramatic clinical improvement was observed over the following weeks: his visual analog scale (VAS) pain score reduced from 7 to 2, his mobility improved, and follow-up MRI results demonstrated significant resolution. This case highlights the relevance of vitamin D deficiency as a potential etiology in chronic low back pain, especially when imaging findings are inconclusive. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate correction can lead to substantial symptom relief and help prevent chronicity.