Indian Journal of Innovative Clinical Research

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ANALYSIS OF OPHTHALMIC ARTERY MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES AND RETINAL VESSEL DIAMETER FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF OCULAR ISCHAEMIC SYNDROME

Article Information

Sharmistha Behera, Department of Ophthalmology, Veer Surendra Sai Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha, India

Introduction: Ocular ischemic syndrome (OIS) results from prolonged inadequate blood flow to the eye, often due to carotid artery narrowing, leading to potential vision loss. Early detection is critical, yet diagnosis can be challenging due to subtle initial symptoms and a lack of standardized treatment protocols. This study aims to examine the morphological features of the ophthalmic artery and retinal vessels in individuals with OIS.

Methods: 160 individuals were included in the study, divided into those with OIS and a control group with confirmed carotid artery stenosis but no ocular symptoms. High-resolution fundus photography was used to assess retinal vessel diameters, while computed tomography angiography provided insights into the ophthalmic artery's structure. Morphological measurements and collateral circulation assessments were performed to establish associations with OIS.

Results: The study found significant differences in intraocular pressure (IOP) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) between ocular ischemic syndrome (OIS) eyes and control eyes, with OIS eyes exhibiting poorer visual acuity (BCVA of 1.03 logMAR). Morphological analysis revealed a smaller ophthalmic artery diameter in OIS eyes (1.45 mm) in contrast to fellow (1.58 mm) and control eyes (1.83 mm). Retinal vessel analysis indicated that the central retinal artery equivalent (CRAE) and artery-to-vein ratio (AVR) were notably lower in OIS eyes in contrast to control as well as fellow eyes. The prevalence of internal carotid artery stenosis was markedly higher in OIS patients (median 83%) versus controls (median 61%).

Conclusion: These findings underscore the vascular contributions to ocular ischemic syndrome, particularly regarding impaired ocular hemodynamics and visual outcomes. Further research is warranted to explore potential therapeutic interventions targeting these vascular abnormalities.

Keywords: Ocular Ischemic Syndrome, Intraocular Pressure, Best-Corrected Visual Acuity, Ophthalmic Artery