Indian Journal of Innovative Clinical Research

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EVALUATION OF REMNANT LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL AND OXIDIZED LDL IN RELATION TO LOW-GRADE INFLAMMATION IN YOUNG INDIAN CORONARY HEART DISEASE PATIENTS

Article Information

Nirav Kumar, Department of Cardiology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India

Introduction: Coronary heart disease (CHD) remains a leading cause of global mortality, particularly in younger populations. Emerging evidence highlights the role of remnant lipoprotein cholesterol (RLP-C) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) in contributing to low-grade inflammation, a significant factor in the progression of atherosclerosis. This study aimed to assess the levels of remnant lipoprotein cholesterol, ox-LDL, and low-grade inflammation in young Indian CHD patients.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 180 participants aged ≤ 45 years, divided into three groups: non-diabetic CHD patients, diabetic CHD patients, and healthy controls. After overnight fasting, blood samples were collected and analyzed for lipid profiles, ox-LDL, and hs-CRP. Lipid profiles were measured using the Auto Analyzer AU480, while ox-LDL and hs-CRP were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical analysis involved Student's t-test and Pearson's correlation to assess relationships between variables.

Results: CHD patients (both diabetic and non-diabetic) had significantly higher total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, ox-LDL, and hs-CRP levels compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001). Diabetic CHD patients showed the highest levels of ox-LDL and hs-CRP. Pearson's correlation revealed a strong positive correlation between ox-LDL, hs-CRP, and lipid abnormalities, particularly LDL cholesterol and triglycerides (r = 0.52, p < 0.001). These findings suggest that both oxidative stress and low-grade inflammation are crucial contributors to CHD in young adults.

Conclusion: Young CHD patients exhibit elevated levels of ox-LDL and hs-CRP, highlighting the interplay between oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid abnormalities in the disease's progression. Diabetic CHD patients are at a particularly high risk, indicating the need for early detection and targeted intervention.

Keywords: Coronary Heart Disease, Remnant Lipoprotein Cholesterol, Oxidized LDL, Hs-CRP, Low-Grade Inflammation, Young Adults