Indian Journal of Innovative Clinical Research

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URINARY TGF-Β1 PROFILE IN DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY: INSIGHTS FROM A SINGLE-CENTER STUDY IN INDIA

Article Information

Rana Pratap Singh, Associate Professor, Department of Urology, Rajendra Institute of Medical Science, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major global cause of end-stage renal illness and chronic kidney disease, and it also greatly increases morbidity in individuals with diabetes. A key element in the development of diabetic kidney disease (DN) is transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), which stimulates fibrosis and renal damage. This study evaluated urinary TGF-β1 levels in patients with diabetic nephropathy compared to healthy controls and assess its correlation with proteinuria and kidney function.

Methods: This observational study included 130 people in total, 65 of whom were diabetic nephropathy patients (Group A) and 65 of whom were healthy controls (Group B). Flow cytometry was used to measure the amounts of TGF-β1 in the urine. The urine protein-creatinine ratio (UPCR) was used to measure proteinuria, and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was used to assess kidney function. T-tests, chi-square tests, and Pearson's correlation were used to analyse the data in order to determine the correlations between TGF-β1, UPCR, and eGFR.

Results: Patients with diabetic nephropathy had considerably greater urinary TGF-β1 levels (15.8 ± 4.3 pg/ml) than healthy controls (4.2 ± 1.9 pg/ml) (p < 0.001). Additionally, there were significant differences in UPCR and eGFR between the groups, with Group A exhibiting worse kidney function and increased proteinuria (p < 0.001). Urinary TGF-β1 and UPCR exhibited a substantial positive association (r = 0.76, p < 0.001), while eGFR showed a negative correlation (r = -0.65, p < 0.001) according to Pearson's correlation analysis.

Conclusion: Patients with diabetic nephropathy have significantly higher urinary TGF-β1 levels, which are strongly correlated with impaired kidney function and increased proteinuria. According to these results, urine TGF-β1 could be a non-invasive biomarker for the development of diabetic nephropathy.

Keywords: Diabetic nephropathy, TGF-β1, Proteinuria, eGFR, Kidney function, Biomarker.